A Thousand Splendid Suns Report - 1455 Words

â€Å"The Reasoning, Existence and Hope for Women’s Rights in the Middle East† The Middle East is notorious for holding women to a lower social status than men. Middle Eastern women have not been allowed to flourish as individuals for hundreds and thousands of years. In her detailed journal on women in the Middle East, Haleh Afshar explains, â€Å"For too long, the analytical parameters for understanding citizenship, identity and the processes of war and migration have been set up by men† ( 237). Either these women rebel or protest against the discrimination, or they are forced to look from the bottom up at society. A Thousand Splendid Suns, written by Khaled Hosseini, narrates the lives of two Afghan women named Mariam and Laila who are†¦show more content†¦Women were forced into situations they didn’t belong in and men were the rulers of them. Before Mariam entered her forced marriage she imagined the situation, â€Å"She pictured herself living there, in Kabul, at the other end of that unimaginable distance, living in a stranger ’s house where she would have to concede to his moods and his issued demands† (Hosseini 45). Like all the women living in Afghanistan at the time, Mariam wasn’t receiving the rights the sacred book of Islam once lived by. It was not the religion that was mistreating the women, it was the men. â€Å"Today, many Muslim women do not have the opportunity to enjoy the rights once considered theirs by their religion† (Afshar 434). Muslim women began taking steps towards equality as, â€Å"feminists effectively inserted a note of reality that reflects the lived experiences of women who experience and participate in very different ways in these processes, including defining their own identities† (Afshar 238). Muslim feminist groups were formed when the Afghans were being controlled by the Taliban and were forced to abide by their laws. Some Taliban laws did not support the aid of any woman in Afghanistan, â€Å"a Taliban-controlled Afghanistan prohib ited women from receiving medical attention from males† (Crocco 110), which left hundreds of women to suffer in unsanitary, run-down clinics. When Laila was finally ready to give birth toShow MoreRelatedA Thousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1504 Words   |  7 PagesA Thousand Splendid Suns is an historical fiction novel, written by Khaled Hosseini, set in Afghanistan during the late 1960’s to early 2000’s. It follows the life of Mariam, a ‘harami’ child, who experiences the twisted reality of polygamy first hand. Hosseini explores thought provoking ideas in a society where gender inequality and poorly valued education is the normality. Hosseini’s main purpose is to show the importance of differing perspectives, as well as how to discern between the right andRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1421 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Khaled Hosseini’s sophomore novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, shares a setting with his previous novel, the turmoil of the recent decades of Afghanistan s existence. However, despite similar themes, Hosseini once again manages to craft a story that is as engaging as it is poignant, as compassionate as it is critical, and as thoughtful as it is visceral. Summary: However, when Laila’s child is born, Aziza, and turns out to be a girl, Laila’s relationship with Rasheed deterioratesRead MoreOverlooking Abuse in A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hossein605 Words   |  2 PagesMore than four million women are physically abused every year in the United States. People rarely believe anything bad will ever happen in their small neighborhood therefore no one questions the bruises someone may have. A Thousand Splendid Suns is a great example of abuse happening within a small neighborhood or no one noticing about what has happened to Mariam and Laila. During the course of the book Rasheed beats both of his wives, Mariam and Laila. No one helps either of them even when they speakRead MoreHistory and Museum – Instilling National Identity and Multiculturalism by display of History in Museum1711 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, China has developed a unique culture which has captured the interest of people from other countries. When fac ing much fiercer competition in the cultural field worldwide, museums should intensify efforts to popularize patriotism and socialism, Sun said. He also encouraged primary and high schools to bring their students to visit museums to improve education. † As the news from Xinhua mentioned, Museums in contemporary China are officially defined as â€Å"the bases of patriotic and socialism education†Read MoreBeauty And Beauty Of Cosmetics Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesravishing and gorgeous, women resort to cosmetics. Some are just into wearing makeup regardless of the occasion. To achieve someone’s appearance attractively, makeup is a substance or material they use. Our world of cosmetics has evolved dated back a thousand years ago. The Ancient Egyptians used lead and copper to create the first cosmetics. As technology advanced, cosmetic industry advanced as well in creating broader cosmetic products. Even though makeups can cover skin blemishes, acne, and freckles Read MoreThousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1765 Words   |  8 Pagesovercoming such hardships of life strengthens one’s soul and it enables them to reveal their inner strength and true character. In Afghanistan, in order for a woman to survive, she must handle adverse situations both physically and emotionally. Thousand Splendid Suns, by Khaled Hosseini, covers an incredible chronicle history of thirty years of Afghanistan. It specifically focusses the anti-Soviet jihad, Mujahideen fighting against Communists in civil war and Taliban tyranny seen from the perspectivesRead MoreThe Importance Of Not Wearing Makeup For A Woman s Beauty Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesravishing and gorgeous, women resort to cosmetics. Some are just into wearing makeup regardless of the occasion. To achieve someone’s appearance attractively, makeup is a substance or material they use. Our world of cosmetics has evolved dated back a thousand years ago. The Ancient Egyptians used lea d and copper to create the first cosmetics. As technology advanced, cosmetic industry advanced as well in creating broader cosmetic products. Even though makeups can cover skin blemishes, acne, and frecklesRead MoreNo More Consumption of Coal3125 Words   |  13 Pagespeople want to restrict it. Renewable energy is the most foreseeable energy consumption to take the place of coal for its ability of being renewable. Coal is a solid black substance that comes from organic matter that was compressed underground for thousands of years. When burning coal, heat and energy will be released, so coal is considered a good fuel for energy generation (Withgott and Brennan, 535). Coal is not the only energy in the world. Besides it, natural gas and oil are also the main traditionalRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesMaterial†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 5. Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 5.1 Content Selection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 5.1.1. Omitted Content: From Evil Monkey to Holy Buddha†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 5.1.2. Added Content: The Victim Called Sun Wukong†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 5.1.3. Altered Content: Mischief or Sins?............. 22 5.2. Differences in Referential Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 24 5.2.1. The Decrease in â€Å"Dialogue Content† – Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?......Read MoreNature and Nurture in Frankenstein and Rappaccinis Daughter Essay2520 Words   |  11 Pagesinto town characterize her as a highly educated young woman. We find evidence in that sense from Doctor Baglioni, another character in the story: Rappaccini is said to have instructed her deeply in his science, and that, young and beautiful as fame reports her, she is already qualified to fill a professors chair(Hawthorne 878). But the truth is that, as she confesses later in the story, she knows nothing about the science of botany that her father is involved in; actually, she is only familiar with

Theories Of Sociology Functionalism And Marxism Essay

This essay will aim to outline and criticise two critical theories of sociology: Functionalism and Marxism; while exploring their approach towards education in society. As a result, reaching a conclusion that is able to suggest and explain which of these perspectives offers the most accurate analysis of this area. First emerging in the nineteenth-century Europe, the Functionalist approach is a variant of Structuralism and was heavily influenced by Emile Durkheim (Haralambos Holborn, 2008, pp. 8-9). Functionalism takes a macro perspective and argues that society contains a ‘Social System’ in other words, society is an organised structure of a number of indispensable inter-related parts called institutions such as, education; each of these institutions have a useful function and purpose within society (Livesey, 2014). A change in production, disruption or co-ordination will force the others to adapt to maintain a stable society. Due to functionalists believing that everyone is socialised into the value consensus , everyone shares the same norms and values. This helps the institutions of society to run together harmoniously, smoothly and creates a social structure (CGP Books, 2016). Proposed by Herbert Spencer, functionalists often use the ‘Organic Analogy’ to descri be their approach. In which, the human body metaphorically represent society as a whole, while the organs represent the institutions within it. If one organ fails the whole human body fails, much as if oneShow MoreRelatedDiscuss Marxism and Functuionalism and Compare1133 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Functionalist and Marxist Perspectives Sociology is a systematic way of studying the social world. It seeks to discover the causes and affects of intercommunication and interaction that arise in social relations. The science of society was developed as a discipline in the 19th Century by Auguste Compte, a French philosopher. For him, common sense and the obvious would not suffice; he wanted to build scientific theories based on critical awareness of society. The two main stemsRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Marxist and Functionalist Interpretations of Education in Society1582 Words   |  7 PagesCarrie-Anne Hall 05007672 Sociology Essay Compare and contrast the Marxist and functionalist interpretations of education in society. The role of education is to educate individuals within society and to prepare them for working life in the economy, also to integrate individuals and teach them the norms, values and roles within society. There are many different sociological theories that differ within the role of education within society that attempt to try and explain how society or aspectsRead MoreFunctionalism and Marxism. A Critical Evaluation Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesFunctionalism and Marxism. A Critical Evaluation During the 18th and 19th centuries, political and industrial revolutions coupled with a philosophical movement which promoted a new scientific way of thinking (`The Enlightenment), heralded the advent of several new scientific disciplines. These social sciences attempted to explain the rapid and fundamental changes which were shattering traditional ways of life in Britain and Europe. Sociology emerged as one of these innovative areas and soughtRead More Comparing Functionism, Marxism, and Social Action Theory Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages Sociology is generally made up of three paradigms: Functionalism, Conflict Theory and Symbolic interactionism. A paradigm is a set of assumptions that shape and underlie explanations of why society is the way it is (Early Stratification Theory, internet 2003). Functional Theory is often traced from Durkheim, Parsons and Merton. Functionalists believe in shared norms and values, which are influenced by the Family, Education, church and employment. It sees Read MoreExplain and Evaluate Functionalist, Marxist and Interactionist theories of Society.1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will be covering Marxist, Interactionist and Functionalist theories of society. I will be examining their strengths and weaknesses. Using the three social theories, the macro approach of Marx that is used to analyse society from a class conflict view between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the macro approach that Durkheim used when analysing social systems and populations on a large scale and who’s theory views individual’s issues as reflective of wider social patterns and theRead MoreSociology Of Society And Human Behaviour984 Words   |  4 Pages Sociology is the study of society and human behaviour. Within sociology there are three major perspectives. These include the Functionalist, Conflict or Marxist and symbolic Interactionist perspectives. Functionalism and Marxism have a number of characteristics in common and both explains society as a whole, so they are known as macro theories. Interactionism focuses on small –scale interaction rather than society as a whole so this is known as micro theory (Haralambos and Holborn 2000). The authorRead MoreSociological Theories And Concepts Of Functionalism And Stratification1518 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is the study which seeks to understand society, social life and to understand ourselves, humans, as part of that social world [Giddens, A, 2006, p.2]. The term ‘sociology’ was developed by Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, in 1838. Comte believed that scientific facts are able to explain the social world. Sociologists, such as Comte, study issues includi ng: education, inequality and religion. Comte believed that sociologists play crucial roles in guiding society. In the 18th centuryRead MoreSociological Theories And Concepts Of Functionalism And Stratification1515 Words   |  7 Pagessociology is the study which seeks to understand society, social life and to understand ourselves, humans, as part of that social world [http://www.sociologyonline.co.uk]. The term ‘sociology’ was developed by Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, in 1838. Comte believed that scientific facts are able to explain the social world. Sociologists, such as Comte, study issues including: education, inequality and religion. Comte believed that sociologists play crucial roles in guiding society. In the 18thRead MoreThree Theoretical Approaches to Sociology1326 Words   |  6 Pages3 Major Theoretical Approaches to Sociology Functionalism (a.k.a. Structural Functionalism, Functional Analysis, Positivism): Until relatively modern times the prevalent sociological perspective was Functionalism, a paradigm which analyzes social structures (such as religion, schooling, or race relations) to deduce what social functions (such as marriage conventions, college attendance, or hiring practices) derive from them. This theoretical approach views society as a system of inter-dependentRead More Analyzing Social Change Through Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Punctuated Equilibrium 1373 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough functionalism, conflict theory, and punctuated equilibrium. In the early twentieth century, Emile Durkheim along with the help of Talcott Parsons established the basis of the functionalist theory; known as the oldest yet still prominent theoretical perspective in sociology. â€Å"Functionalism can be summed up with one simple premise the world is a system of interrelated parts, and each part makes a necessary contribution to the vitality of the system†(Functionalist Perspective of Sociology). Functionalists

Risk Management Practices-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question Discuss about the Risk Management of the Construction Industry. Answer: Introduction Construction sector is one of the growth engines of the economic growth of a country. The increased pressure to improve the quality and productivity of the projects and reduce the construction costs there is need to adopt the project strategies that can appropriately and effectively manage the project risk (Augustine, et al., 2013). Risk is defined as a positive or negative deviation of the variable from its expected value. Risk management involvement the strategies that avoid the losses and use the available chances that arise from the risk (Macomber, 2017). Risk management in the construction projects includes the identification, analysis and response to the risk in a comprehensive and systematic way to achieve the project objectives. The risk management is the process of identifying and analyzing the risks and then improving the processes of the construction projects and achieving effective use of the resources (Shaikh, 2015). The current economic conditions have forced the contractors of the construction sector to manage the risk by themselves. This paper include the research aims to examine the risk management practices that can reduce the overall cost of the projects (Gajewska Ropel, 2011). Literature Review Construction projects can be managed with the use of various tools and techniques of the risk management. Risk can be considered as the biggest driver of the claims and projects that transfer more risk to the contractor are more likely to have more claim. Hence the drivers of risk are aggressiveness of the contractors' bids, fast track projects and the contracting strategy (Wilson, et al., 2014; PM4ID, 2017). The project risk management is an effective tool to identify and manage a risk to obtain the objectives of the projects, including cost quality and schedule (Hak, et al., 2017). A number of studies have focused on the project risk management but only a limited number of studies have provided a proper guidance for the proper risk management and cost reduction. Managing risks in construction projects is considered as a very important procedure in order to achieve project objectives in terms of cost, time, quality, safety and environmental sustainability (NAP, 2017; Nap, 2016). The categories of risk include the technical, environmental, external organizations and project management. Formal risk analysis and management techniques are important to construction projects to minimize time and cost of projects and enhance profitability (Schieg, 2006; TheIRM, 2013). As per a study risk and uncertainty are the primary factors for the cost overruns and schedule delay. The study suggested the project risk management tool to manage the cost overruns and time overruns in the construction projects (Banaitiene Banaitis, 2012). Research Questions, Aims, Objectives and Sub-Goals The major aim of the study is to identify the risk management practices in the construction projects that can help to reduce the overall cost of the project. Objectives of the study To identify the most suitable risk management technique to reduce the cost of the construction project Sub goals To identify the current risks that exist in the construction industry To evaluate the risk management practices that are related to the cost To identify the risk management practices that can reduce the overall cost of the production To identify the target audience most suitable for the research analysis Research Questions What is the process of the risk management? How cost is related to the risk management? How risk management practices can reduce the overall cost of the construction projects? Which risk management technique is the most suitable technique to reduce the cost in the construction industry? Theoretical Methodology As the research study is related to the construction industry and the risk associated to this hence the theoretical basis of the research will be based on the understanding the types of risk that may occur in the construction industry. Further the theoretical methodology will include the steps of the risk management such as identification of the risks, analyzing risk, accessing risk, controlling risk and monitoring risks. Further the study will look into the risk management importance in the progress of the projects (Stakeholdermap, 2017). No hypothesis will be developed in the study as here the study is not related to identify the relationship between the risk management and cost reduction rather it is related to identify the risk management practices that help in reducing the overall cost of the construction project. Risk management is regarded as one of the nine knowledge areas and this has been given by the project management institute (PMI). First chapter of the report is related to the relevance of the report which indicates the background of the report. Once it has been completed after that literature review have been conducted which contains viewpoint of the previous report. Third section of the reports contains aims, objectives, and research questions. These are related with the risk management practices and its impact on the cost of the construction project. After defining aims and goals theoretical methodology of the report has been stated (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017). Experimental Setting As the aim of the study is to identify the opinion of the contractors on the significance of the construction project risks and to explore the risk analysis and risk management practices to reduce the cost hence a survey will be conducted with the contractors of the construction project. To conduct the survey and analyze the results first of all the literature review will be evaluated and research gap will be analyzed. After that on the basis of the research gap and research objectives as set of questions will be prepared conduct the survey with the target audience. The target audience will be decided as per the suitability of the researcher and the respondents. As the contractors are the one who carry out all the construction projects so they are well aware of all types of risks related to the construction projects and how they handle those risk of cost and time with the help of various risk management practices. A questionnaire will be prepared and distributed among the contractors and they will be asked to sill the questionnaire on the basis of their experience. The study is based on the Australia so the eligible respondents for the research will be all the contractors working in the country but it will not be possible for the researcher to collect data from the all the contractors as it will very time consuming and costly hence a single city will be selected and all the contractors from that city or region will be considered as respondent for the survey. The collected data will be evaluated with the help of the statistical tools and final result will be derived accordingly. Data collection from the contractors will provide the actual scenario of the construction industry and real situation of cost overrun handled by the contractors by performing the risk management practices (Serpella, et al., 2014). The practical implication for the research will be related to the generalization of the collected data on the overall population. There may be situation that contractors from different location follow the different risk management practices to reduce the overall cost of the construction because the risk management practices are dependent upon the types of risk that may arises and type of risk include the environmental risk, external risk and political risk. These risks may differ for different locations. Result, Outcome and Relevance In this research study both quantitative and qualitative data will be considered to research to the final results. As explained above the data will be collected from the contractors of the construction project. The variables of the project will include the risk management practices and cost control. Through this research the results related to how the risk management practices in the constructions sector reduce the overall cost of the project will be derived. From the final results the research will conclude the strategies for the construction sector of the country to overcome the issue of the cost overrun and complete the project within the stipulated determined cost. As construction industry is most prone to risk of the cost overrun and timely delay of the projects hence this research study will be beneficial for the construction industry of the country (Khemani, et al., 2010). Project Planning and Gantt chart The outline of the research paper will include the introduction, theory, survey, result, discussion and conclusion (Eldosouky, et al., 2014). Work Breakdown structure (WBS) Work breakdown structure is defined as the detailed list of tasks explaining the entire project execution and implementation. This helps in understanding the project in detail and helps in productive planning considering all risks and time factors. Work break down structure is in general created so that clear understanding relating to the application development can be provided to everyone. The work breakdown structure for this project to conduct a study to identify the risk management practice that reduces the overall cost in a construction project is as follows Figure 1: Gantt Chart Figure 2: Gantt Chart Milestone Activity Task Preliminary Study Survey Identification of the problem Reviewing the current trends in the construction industry Listing out the current risks and challenges Development of the Aims and Objectives Reviewing the previous studies on the same topic Understanding the reasons for cost overrun Research Planning Development of Schedule of conducting the research List out various tasks involved Identify required manpower Identify timelines to finish various tasks Prepare a baseline schedule for the project Research Analysis Technical Requirements Preparation of process flow for application Exploring statistical tools and other requirements Finalize the technical details Cost Analysis Prepare cost sheet for completion of each task Estimation of total project cost Approval on cost requirements Timelines Prepare a detailed timeline Estimate the project period Approval on timelines requirements Theoretical Background Literature review Completion of final literature review Progress Report Methodology Design Prepare the methodology design Define research Approach Research Strategies Define Target Audience Questionnaire Design Selection of the type of questionnaire Sub-division of the questionnaire in sub-segments Reliability testing Testing the reliability and validity of the questionnaire Resolving the loopholes and updating the questionnaire accordingly Data collection, data analysis and findings of the data Data Collection Data collection from the target respondents through mode of survey Final preparation of data in the report form in the MS Excel Data Analysis Use of statistical tools to evaluate and generalize the data Final evaluation of the data to deduce results Closure Final conclusion, implications and recommendations Submission of report supporting documents Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion about the layout of the project, aims, objectives, methodology, theoretical framework, literature review and key review of the milestones and deliverables the paper will conclude the most appropriate risk management practice in the construction industry that will reduce the overall cost or cost overrun of the project. The contractors are the main player in the successful execution of the risk management practices. This research paper will impact the overall construction industry in a long run as this research paper will provide the significance of using the risk management practices in the construction projects. Finally, by covering the research gap of the previous literature this research paper will provide significant knowledge to the future researchers about the current construction industry scenario and suitable risk management factor on the basis of the situation. References Augustine, I. E., Ajayi, J. R., Ade, B. A. Adakole, A., 2013. Assessment of Risk Management Practices in Nigerian Construction Industry: Toward Establishing Risk Management Index. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 16(2), pp. 20-31 . Banaitiene, N. Banaitis, A., 2012. Risk Management in Construction Projects. In: Risk Management-Current Issues and Challenges. s.l.:InTech. Burtonshaw-Gunn, i. A., 2017. Risk Management in Construction Projects. [Online] Available at: https://www.gpmfirst.com/books/risk-and-financial-management-construction/risk-management-construction-projects [Accessed 2017]. Eldosouky, I. A., Ibrahim, A. H. Mohammed, H. E. D., 2014. Management of construction cost contingency covering upside and downside risks. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 53(4), pp. 863-881. Gajewska, E. Ropel, M., 2011. Risk Management Practices in a Construction Project a case study, Gteborg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology. Hak, C. et al., 2017. Risk Management Model of Construction Projects Using WBS Generator linked 4D CAD. [Online] Available at: https://itc.scix.net/data/works/att/b763.content.08955.pdf [Accessed 2017]. Khemani, K., Walters, N., Wolff, J. Kearney, A., 2010. Improving Construction Cost and Schedule Performance Through Risk-based Estimating and Contracting, PennWell Corporation. Macomber, J. D., 2017. You Can Manage Construction Risks. [Online] Available at: https://hbr.org/1989/03/you-can-manage-construction-risks [Accessed 2017]. Nap, 2016. Risk Identification and Analysis. [Online] Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/11183/chapter/6 [Accessed 2016]. NAP, 2017. Methods for Reducing Claims. [Online] Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/11846/chapter/9 PM4ID, 2017. 11.2 Risk Management Process. [Online] Available at: https://pm4id.org/chapter/11-2-risk-management-process/ [Accessed 2017]. Schieg, M., 2006. Risk management in construction project. Journal of Business Economics and Management. Serpella, A. F., Ferrada, X., Howard, R. Rubio, L., 2014. Risk Management in Construction Projects: A Knowledge-based Approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 119, pp. 653-662. Shaikh, M. M., 2015. Risk Management in Construction Projects. International Journal of Current Engineering and Scientific Research , 2(2), pp. 150-155. Stakeholdermap, 2017. Risk Management in Construction. [Online] Available at: https://www.stakeholdermap.com/risk/risk-management-construction.html [Accessed 2017]. TheIRM, 2013. Managing Cost Risk Uncertainty In Infrastructure Projects, The Institute of Risk Management. Wilson, C. R., Tran, D. Molenaar, K. R., 2014. Program Risk Management Approach To Reducing Cost Uncertainty In Highway Projects.

Workplace Ethics

Introduction Ethics has been a major issue in the contemporary world in the field of business and the society. Madison defines ethics as acting in conscious of the policies of an organization, laws and regulation, morals and standards of a given country (41). Ethics is very vital for the prosperity of any given organization or individual. There are standard ways in which an individual is expected to behave when in a given context.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Workplace Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These expectations must be met so that the society may approve of the individual (Tribe and Dorf 36). However, an individual may find himself/herself in an awkward situation when there is need to balance between the expectations of the society and the demands for job. One may be forced to make a decision that may contradict what the society considers moral because of the requirements of job. The cases stu dy below is a reflection of situations where one has to make hard decisions and remain ethical in the face of society. Environment: Something is Rotten in Hondo- a Case Study Ethical Issues George Mackee is a diligent man who is determined to make a positive differential change not only to his friends and relatives, but also to the entire society of Texas and the United States of America. He sees himself as a responsible citizen who should work hard in order to provide for his family and friends. He also values the environment as the source of future livelihood. However, George finds himself in a difficult situation. The problems arise from the need to preserve the environment from pollution by his company. He has the following problems to face and handle carefully. The company’s emissions are beyond the limits set by the Environmental Protection Agency. The company will therefore be fined in the meantime for the damage they have caused in the environment and for the breach o f contract, they signed on environment protection. The company will then put preventive measures in order ensure that this pollution ends. However, the company is not in a position to buy new scrubbers due to the financial constrains. A solution must be found as soon as possible. The second problem is the need to move out of Hondo as a measure to avoid the fines imposed by the environmental agency. This will not only deprive Hondo of infrastructural development, but also render many individuals of this area jobless, some being friends and relatives of George. He must be sensitive of the needs of the society and avoid a situation that may make it view him as one who does not care about their concerns. Possible Alternatives In the first problem where the company is fined for environmental pollution, this manager may opt for of the two options: either relocate to Mexico or consider scheduling their heavy omission at night. By moving to Mexico, the company shall have eliminated the stri ngent rules put in place by the environmental protection agency.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They will be free to do their production at any time of the day without the worry of breaching any law or regulation. This will help them recover more margins so that they may be in a position to purchase new scrubbers to curb the pollution rate. Since the management is not able to find a solution to this problem as at present and the environmental regulator is continuing to issue fines that are hindering the company’s finances, this may be a very attractive solution to the management. This is specifically so because the business owner has already made inquiries about the new locations and the authorities there have given him the green light. The other solution may be to reschedule the heavy omission to be at night. Other companies doing the same are getting away with it. The environmental agency has fined this company while other companies, which are in worse states, are doing their passing the set standards simply because they are doing their production at night. The second problem is to move out of Honda hence rendering many people in this location jobless. There may be two alternatives to this problem. The company may decide to move out of this location for a while but promise the workers of a quick return the moment they are able to adhere to the demands of the environmental agency, or to compensate the workers as an appreciation and make a permanent exit from this town. Ethics for the Alternatives In the first problem, the first alternative was to move to Mexico. The ethics in this will be that the company shall have avoided the direct confrontation with the environmental agency. It will be going to a place that considers its rates of pollution as normal. This decision focuses on the properties inherent to the action; hence, it is based on non -consequential theory. The second alternative of rescheduling heavy omissions at night is considerable unethical. However, this may be the only option if the company is to stay any longer in this location and continue offering the locals job opportunities, which they need most. This option is based on consequential theory as the stay will continue offering the locals job, but should the environmental agency realize the new strategy, the fine can be more severe. The fist alternative in the second problem is very ethical. The company is very sensitive both to the needs of its current employees and the environmental body. It is a virtue based theory as it plans to move away for a while till it is able to abide by the law and then come back to offer the locals job opportunities. The other alternative of compensating the employees is also ethical. It is an appreciation for their good work. It is based on non-consequential theory, as the company may not directly feel the outcome of the co mpensation. The Best Action Plan In the first case, the company should consider moving to Mexico as the best decision. In so doing, it will avoid long court cases and huge fines that may arise if the environmentalists realize the new tactic of polluting the air at night. It will be sensitive to the need to have a clean environment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Workplace Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This leads us to the best alternative for the second problem of moving out of Hondo. The company should consider moving out of this location just for a while and come back when they are able to keep up with the regulations of the environmentalists. By moving to Mexico, they will still be polluting the environment, which is not ethical. This alterative is based on virtue ethics as it aims at restoring the jobs of those who will be laid off after some time. Commercial Banking: The Curious Loan Approval â €“ a Case Study Ethical Issues Adam is concerned that his boss, Mary Ryan may be involved in unethical business practices as a commercial loans officer Farmwood National Bank. The issues that arise in this particular case study are as follows. Mitchell Foods was overleveraged in its application for a short-term loan. This company did not meet the requirements necessary for it to be awarded the loan. When Adam tried raising the issue with the boss, he was brushed off and told that the criteria he was using in the evaluation was not always a priority to the credit committee. The memorandum he had Sure enough, it went through this committee and the loan was awarded. The second issue concerns the same boss. She is awarded a personal mortgage loan at abnormally attractive rate. She is allowed a 100 percent, fixed rate financing for the next five years at a 2 percent below the normal rate. Possible Alternatives Adam has two alternative course of action for the first problem. He can ke ep quite about the issue and try to work as per the advice of the boss. The credit committee has approved the request and things are running normally. Moreover, the boss is known for her shrewd approach to her work. She is a role model and for him to reach where she has reached, she will need to be an ally to her. It is only through this that they will be able to work as a team. Alternatively, he can raise the concern with the management. It is weird that a company that has not qualified for a loan is awarded such in disregard to the laid down regulations. From his college he was taught to always maintain integrity in all his duties as a credit officer. The fact that the memorandum he had written about the issue was brushed off by the boss raises further suspicion. The management should therefore be alerted about the same and an investigation should be launched about the same. In the second issue of awarding Mary a mortgage loan at abnormally low rates, he can take either of the two options. He can approach Mary and inquire from her how she managed to get the mortgage. He should inquire from her if the mortgage that was awarded to her is related to the loan that was awarded to Mitchell Foods. They can address the issue between them and if need be, he should advice her to always be ethical in her undertakings as a professional credit officer.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alternatively, he can raise the issue with the management. He can decide to link the controversial loan awarded to Mitchell Foods to the mortgage loan given to Mary. This is because the chair of the board at Bay Street Savings (which awarded Mary the mortgage loan) is also the owner of Mitchell Foods. Ethics for the Alternatives For the first case, Adam may keep quite because he is not sure of the irregularity. He is just a few months old in this firm and he is not aware of some of the modalities that take place in the department. The management approved the loan just as his boss had informed him. It may be painful that the memorandum that he had written about the same was disregarded, but it is not very advisable to start brushing shoulders with everyone the wrong way. He will be avoiding the repercussions that may be accompanied with direct confrontation; hence, it is a non-consequential theory. He should take his time and learn the job. He will be able to know when there are irre gularities in the operations in the bank. He shall have also known the best approach to take in case of such a situation. The other alternative of raising the issue with the management is ethical, though the accompanying consequences may be devastating. He can talk to the management about the memorandum that was neglected and the omissions that were made when the board sat to approve the loan application. This is a consequential theory as this action may raise serious reactions that may result in a punitive action taken should there be a proof that there was a malpractice in the process of awarding the loan. For the second issue of controversial award of mortgage loan to Mary, Adam can directly approach Mary and talk to her about his suspicion. This is ethical because the two will be able to talk as colleagues and settle the suspicion. They are teammates and should not loose trust of each other. This approach will build trust and they will be able to approach future cases in an amic able way. The decision to involve the management is a sure way to fight unethical issues in running of the activities of the bank. He will be standing firm with the set rules and regulation set for the running of his job. It will be a clear show that he tolerates not, unethical behavior. The Best Action Plan For the first case, the best cause of action will be to keep quite and monitor the activities taking place in the department. He should not rush as this may result in actions that may be regrettable. He should therefore consider having an understanding of the department and the field in general, before he can take an active measure should the case happen again. For the second case, it is recommendable that he talks to Mary in order to clear any suspicion. He should approach her and get the information concerning this reward in an amicable way. This will make them continue working as a team as the trust would be strengthened. Product (Harmful Ecological Impact)-Case Study Ethical Issues Robert is faced with an environmental issue that requires balance between the sustainability of the business and environmental concern (76). The two issues in this case are either to disregard environmental concern and produce aerosol stain remover, which is marketable, or continue with the production of the liquid stain remover and face the eminent danger of elimination from the market. Possible Alternatives The two issues may be given two approaches. If Robert considers profits other than environmental concerns, then he may choose either of the two options. He may choose to produce aerosol dispenser as a way to get quick finance for his business. As a product manager, he should aim at building a customer base that is large enough to sustain the company. By giving marketing an outward-in approach, he should give the customer requirements a priority and provide them with what they value most. Alternatively, she can produce both types of dispensers (pump and aerosol) in a bid to balance between the need for profits and the desire to maintain the environment. He can produce aerosols that are enough to cover for the costs of production, and produce the pumps to act as the margins. If he considers environmental concern, he can then increase its promotional campaigns among the customers of the dangers of aerosols. The company should continue producing environmental friendly products but maintain promotion. Alternatively, he can petition the environmental agencies to put regulations on the industry. All the players should be limited to packaging their products in a manner sensitive to environmental concerns. Ethics for the Alternatives The decision to produce aerosols will have the best result in terms of profits. It will enable the company attract the customers they had lost because of the unattractive product. This will enable it sustain itself in the competitive. However, this approach may not be ethical as it disregards the environmental concerns. Produc ing a certain percentage of aerosol dispensers and the other percentage as pump dispenser appears ethical as it shows that inasmuch as the company is determined to get profits, it is sensitive to environmental concerns (Bonheoffer 34). If it considers environmental concern, the option of continuing to produce environmental friendly products is ethical as it give emphasis to the need for a clean environment at all cost. The alternative of seeking regulatory restrictions put in place by the government will be an indication that he is ready to defend the environment through all means. The Best Action Plan If Robert considers the need to generate profits, then he should consider producing both types of dispensers as a measure to reduce pollution. It is the best decision as it is sensitive to both the needs of the business and the environment. If he considers giving environment more concern, then it should consider government intervention on environmental preservations. This is to ensure that market competition is leveled, with everyone doing his/her part to conserve the environment. Taking Credit for Work: Might Makes Right- Case Study Ethical Issues Janice is a very successful executive who is lucky to have gotten a good job with a good salary. However, his assistant is very frustrated as the salary he gets is hardly enough to cater for his expenses. However, through his hard work, John develops a program that is relevant to the organization. Janice demands to present this program as her own, reward John with a promotion and pay rise. If John rejects the offer then he will be fired. He has to choose between his job and his integrity. Possible Alternatives If John decides to maintain his job, he will have to allow his boss to use his work and present it as his. He will get what he had been yawning for so much-promotion and pay rise. Alternatively, he may refuse the usage his work by his boss and raise the concern with the senior authorities. If he decides to quit, he may decide to consider suing his former boss for harassment and demand for compensation. Alternatively, he may decide to quit this job quietly decide on a new path. Ethics for the Alternatives By allowing his work to be used by his boss, John will be employing consequential theory, as he will be expecting to be rewarded by job. It is worthy decision as John will be in a position get what he had been looking for in life. By deciding to stay in the firm but refuse to allow usage of the program, john will be fighting for his integrity. Conclusion Ethics is a very broad issue that one needs to give attention to so that there is harmony in various workplaces. It is a responsibility of everyone to ensure that ethics is maintained, by doing all that pertain to morals. Through this, an organization may be able to develop a comprehensively and integrated work force that is dynamic and ready to help one another. This will make the organization have a peaceful working environment, devoid o f direct confrontation. Works Cited Bonheoffer, Dietrich. Ethics. New York: Macmillan publishers 1995. Web. Madison, James. Champion of liberty and justice. New York: John Kaminski Parallel Press, 2006. Print. Robert, John. On Strategic nonviolent conflict: Thinking about the fundamental. Boston: The Albert Einstein Institution, 2002. Print Tribe, Laurence and Dorf, Michael. On reading the constitution. Utah: University of Utah Press, 1991. Print This report on Workplace Ethics was written and submitted by user Franco Byers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.