Second Earl Of Rochester Essay -- essays research papers

The satirists shared a talent for making other individuals feel uncomfortable, particularly by making them aware of their own moral inadequacies. They used irony, derision, and wit to attack human vice or folly. One method the satirist utilized to catch their readers' attention, while also making them feel uncomfortable, was to describe those things that were deemed inappropriate to discuss openly in society. The classical example of a topic that was discussed behind closed doors, yet the satirist used freely, was sex. Mention of such things as sex can always bring a giggle, excite feelings of hidden passion, or make one's cheeks rosy from embarrassment. John Wilmot, Second Earl of Rochester, and Jonathan Swift, were two satirist that were noted for using perverse language and graphic depictions to elicit desired emotions from their readers and to wage their attacks on human folly. To understand Rochester's use of sex in his work, one must understand his distaste for reason. This can be seen in his poem, A Satyr Against Mankind, when he comments: "Women and Men of wit, are dang'rous tools, and ever fatal to admiring fools." Rochester viewed reason as a vice rather than an admirable trait in man. When man followed a course of action that was advised by reason he turned into a coward who often betrayed his ideals, his family, and his friends. Rochester believed that to enjoy true happiness one must follow a course dictated by passion. Unlike reason, the passions do not betray one's senses and ideals. According to Rochester, the passions define who an individual is because the passions encompass one's emotions and desires. Reason cannot fully comprehend such a thing. Rochester highlights this belief in his poem's with tales of lust and sexual innuendoes. He uses perverse language and topics not only to mock those that believe reason is the human faculty that can bring about self-satisfaction, but also to describe to his readers that sensual pleasure is the highest pleasure because sensual pleasure is derived from passion, not reason. Rochester's poems rarely discuss love in the traditional sense; rather, he discusses it in a bodily context. Naturally, this would bring about the ire in any moralist. His poems make reference to ancient figures that draw on images of mass orgies and debauchery. He often uses language that elicits images of human... ...llivers Travels not only excite the attention of the reader but they also leave the reader with a very pessimistic impression of the modern world. If Gulliver had left a description of a pile of soil instead of his urination procedure, the reader would perhaps view his work as boring, but not as comedic or repulsive. The tales would have lost their derogatory tone, their satirical edge, and their comedic nature had Swift not used such images. Such images and language are a unique element of satirical writing. Satirist wanted to attack the vices of the community and impress an image on their readers. They, however, could not accomplish this through bland social commentary. Every literary style has certain tools to capture its audiences. The romantics used fruitful language and supernatural images. The realist used images and words that photographed how life really was. The satirist used wit, irony, sarcasm, as well as crude images and language. If they failed to use these tools then their attacks were not heeded and their words were not remembered. Rochester and Swift did not fail to use their satirical qualities and their impression on the literary world remains to this day.

The Art of public speaking Essay

Chapter 1: Speaking in public Power of Public Speaking Greek Pericles: one who forms a judgment on any point but cannot explain it clearly might as well never had thought at all on the subject† Public speaking is consistently rated high on employers lists The Tradition of Public Speaking Historical people who used speaking effectively Similarities and Differences in Public Speaking and Daily Conversation Similarities Organizing your thoughts logically Tailoring your message to your audience Telling a story for maximum impact- building up your story Adapting to listener feedback Differences Speaking to groups is very highly structured Strict time restrictions Most don’t allow for question interruptions (must plan for and anticipate questions that might arise in listeners mind) Public Speaking requires more formal language No slang jargon bad grammar or curse words Highly structured Public Speaking requires a different method of delivery Proper posture, no vocalizing fillers for times ( uhh, urm, ehh) and avoid distracting mannerisms (hand talking) and verbal habits Developing confidence: In your speech class  40 % of people said public speaking was worst fear Everyone gets nervous at speaking, great speakers use this to help their speech Focus on transforming nervousness to one of positive nervousness ( controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for their presentation) Tricks to turn nervousness from negative to positive Get experience in speaking- the more you do it the les scary it will be  because its not new and threatening Be prepared- 1- hours for every minute spoken Pick topics that are close to you Think Positively: 5 positive thoughts for every negative one Visualize you speaking well You don’t look as nervous as you think Public Speaking and Critical Thinking Critical Thinking- focused organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence and the difference between fact and opinion The Speech Communication Process Speaker Be enthusiastic for people to be engaged in your speech Message Have and intended message that will be actually be communicated Keep a narrowed topic Be aware of the message you are sending with your voice, appearance, gestures, facial expressions and eye contact. Don’t let your non verbal cues distract from your intended message Channel- the means by which a message is communicated by Listener-person receiving spoken messages Frame of reference- the total of the listeners knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes Because the speaker and listener will never have the same meaning of a speech itll carry a different meaning for each of them Feedback- messages sent for listener to speaker Interferencee- anything impeding the communication of the message Extental- outside distracting noises or situations Internal- distractions cominmg from the inside of a listner Situation-time and place communication is going down Taioloring a speech to the context of the event (graduation, funeral, church) Public Speaking in a Multicultural World Language is the biggest barrier betweent difference in cultures Enthocentrisim- belief that ones own culture is superior Chapter 2: Ethics and Public Speaking The Importance of ethics Guidelines for ethical speaking Make sure goals are ethically sound Just because your ethical background makes you for an issue someoe who mamkes a descision against you based on their ethics doesn’t make them wrong Be fully prepared for a speech Be prepared because you not only was your time if you speak badly but you waste the individuals in the audiences’ times as well. Be Honest Hiding the truth to protect the vast community isn’t unethical but lying to protect yourself is Don’t juggle statistics, quote outa context, misrepresenting sources, painting tentative findings as finite, citing unique situations as normal representation or substitute innuendo and half-truths for proof Avoid Name calling and abusive language Name calling- the use of stereotypical labels meant to degrade and dehumanize and silence opposing sides. Using such language is a destructive social force and will also make your audience doubt you entire speech and message Plagiarism- passing off someone else’s work as your own without credit Global Plagiarism- copying an entire document or speech verbatim Patchwork Plagiarism- piecing together more than one document and passing of as your own. Can have some transitions but a vast majority is completely copied Incremental Plagiarism- failing to give credit to an author of a quotation or paraphrase of ideas Ways to stop accidental plagiarism Take note of title of document Group/person responsible for the document Date document was last updated Date site was accessed Guidelines for ethical listening Be courteous and attentive Avoid prejudging the speaker Maintain free and open expression of ideas Chapter 3: Listening Listening is Important Listening- pay close attention to and making sense of what we hear Good listening improves efficient, sales, customer satisfaction and employee morale Effective listening correlates to higher grades Listening and Critical Thinking Types of listeners Appreciative listening- listening for pleasure or enjoyment Music movies comedy Empathic listening- listening to provide emotional support for a speaker Friends, family, psychiatrist Comprehensive listening- listening to understand the message of a speaker Class room lecture, listening to directions Critical listening- listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejoicing it Sales pitch, campaign speeches, sermons Four Causes of Poor Listening Not Concentrating Letting your mind wander and not focus on what is being said Listening too hard Trying to remember insignificant amounts of information verses the speakers main points Jumping to conclusions Instead of waiting for answers just assuming the worst and going with it Marking a speakers message as unimportant before even giving them a chance Focusing on delivery and personal appearance How to become a better Listener Take Listening Seriously Be an Active Listener Give your undivided attention to the speaker to genuinely try and understand their point of view Resist distractions Try anticipate what the speaker might say Review what the speaker has already said Don’t be Diverted by Appearance or Delivery Suspend judgment Until you hear the entire speech Set aside your own prejudices, frames of reference and desires to fully  appreciate what the speaker is trying to get across A closed mind is an empty mind Focus your Listening Listen for Main Points Listen for evidence Matched up with the main points to support them Questions to ask about evidence Is it accurate? Is it taken from objective sources? Is it relevant to the speaker’s claims? Is it sufficient to support the speaker’s point? Listen for technique Take note of any speakers techniques of delivering the speech to better your own speech techniques Developing good note taking skills Focus on important main points The key word outline- outline that briefly notes a speakers main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form Chapter 4: Giving Your First Speech Preparing Your Speech Developing your Speech Focusing Your Topic Don’t try and cover everything Stick to the time limit Developing Your Topic Be creative Only use humor if it comes natural and doesn’t offend any one Organizing the Speech Introduction Grab the interests of the audience Orient audience with subject matter of speech Body Organize either chronologically or topically Use effective transitions Limit and focus number of main points Conclusion Relate back to intro without restating Signal that you are concluding End strongly Delivering your Speech Speaking Extemporaneously (appears conversational) A hybrid between writing the whole speech and writing nothing Uses a brief structured outline but uses spontaneity to help fill in the gaps Rehearsing the Speech Presenting the Speech Starting Relaxed natural posture Look confident Plant your feet keep natural small gestures Eye contact Very important and will impress audience Voice Use inflections; don’t go over bored; don’t sound monotone Projection is key SLOW DOWN Chapter 5: Selecting a Topic and a Purpose Choosing a Topic Topics you know a lot about Draws from your own experiences and knowledge Think unusual and unique to you Topics you want to know more about Something you are interested in but have little knowledge in without research Something you have very strong opinions in Brain Storming Personal Inventory Write everything about you( hobbies, experiences, likes, opinions, everything) and decide where to go from there Clustering Make nine lists of about 4-5 entries (people places things events processes concepts natural phemonoms problems and plans) From that big list pick 3-4 entries that interest you and free- associate those out until you get a  unique interesting speech idea Internet Search Scan an online web site based encyclopedia like thing for possible topics Determining the General Purpose To inform Acting like a teacher giving a lecture To persuade Acting like a partisan or advocate Determining the Specific Purpose Narrow down into 1 sentence Tips for formulating the Specific purpose statement Write the Purpose as a complete sentence Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question Avoid Figurative Language Limit to one idea Make sure purpose isn’t vague/ general Phrasing the Central Idea Chapter 6: Analyzing the Audience Audience-Centeredness Important questions Who am I speaking to What do I want them to know/believe/or do as a result of my speech What is the most effective way to compose my speech to get this aim Your classmates as an audience The psychology of audiences People are egocentric and only care about what they are going to get from a speech Your audience will only grasp concepts in their frame of reference Demographic audience analysis Age Each generation has similar general values and experience that shape them differently from the rest Gender Men and woman are not alike in their beliefs so take account of that Religion Sexual Orientation Be inclusive and avoid derogatory terms like lifestyle and homosexual Race, ethnic and cultural Backgrounds Group Memberships BASICALLY BE GENERAL AF AND DON’T STEP ON ANYONES TOES EVER BCZ PEOPLE ARE SENSITIVE Don’t try to fully change their viewpoints just open their minds Situational audience analysis-audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as size physical setting and the disposition of the audience to the speaker, topic, and occasion Size Larger=more formal Size effects.. Language Choice of appeals Visual aids Physical setting Disposition toward the topic Things that effect the likelihood your audience will be captivated Interest Knowledge and interest goes hand in hand Knowledge Attitude Disposition toward the speaker Talk about things you are an expert on and definitely stay away from things you cant relate to Disposition toward the occasion Don’t go against the norm of typical speeches recognized at such occasions Getting information about the audience Adapting to the audience Chapter 7: Gathering Materials Using your own knowledge and experience Doing library research Resources you should use Librarians Catalogue Reference books Encyclopedias Yearbooks Quotation books Biographical aids Newspaper and periodical databases Academic databases

Reading journal- Parvana Essay

The book Parvana is about an 11-year-old girl living in Afghanistan, under the extreme Taliban regime. The Taliban ban women from going outside without a man and Afghan women are forced to wear the burqa at all times in public. Her family lost almost everything due to the bombings/wars in Afghanistan. Her father sells their remaining family items at the market place and offers his service of writing and reading and documents for people to make a living. The story takes a twist as Parvana’s father gets arrested and put in jail because he attended collage in England. Parvana is forced to change her appearance, to look like a boy and help her family buy products from the market and also take her father’s place in the market to earn the family some money. Characterisation- is the process of conveying information about characters. Characters may be presented by means of description, through their actions, speech, or thoughts. Details of characterisation might also include descriptions of what a certain character wears, looks like, and smells like and so on. Parvana- is the main character in this book. She is a teenage girl living a tough life in a country where women don’t have rights. Her father calls her his little ‘Malali’. Parvana is a confident girl who never gives up hope. Father- He is an educated man, working in the marketplace as a letter reader/writer. Father needs to be accompanied by Parvana, as a bomb blew off his leg. Mother- Her name is Fatana, she is a loving and caring person who looks after the whole family. She is also educated and used to work for the women’s Afghanistan association before the Taliban took over. Mrs. Weera- She is an old PE teacher who worked with Parvana’s mother. She is a great and very helpful woman who comes to live with the family. She is an independent woman who pushes the family to fight harder and often compares life to the hockey field, describing the family as a strong team. Shauzia- An eleven-year-old girl, who also works in the market place and becomes Parvana’s best friend. Homa- A shy girl that Parvana finds hiding in a bombed house. The Taliban murdered her family and she was left to die on the streets. Parvana’s family and Mrs. Weera adopt Homa, as she slowly recovers. Setting- The setting is where the events/ story takes place. There may be more than one setting in a novel. The time of an event is also considered as a setting. This book Parvana takes place in Kabul, Afghanistan Theme- the main subject that is being discussed or described in a piece of writing This book is full of themes like courage, perseverance, friendship, adventure, and many others. But the most important theme in the entire novel is courage, As of Parvana’s determination and boldness that she is able to deal with the challenges she faces. It is hard to believe that the naà ¯ve eleven year old of the opening chapters becomes the courageous young adult that her family must rely on. This courage is first evident when Parvana decides to disguise herself as a boy and states, â€Å"In the end, it was really her decision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœI’ll do it.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This shows us that Parvana realizes that her family is in desperate need and is willing to put herself in direct jeopardy for her family. Key concepts: Diaspora/Displacement- the voluntary or forcible movement of peoples from  their homelands into new regions Refugee / illegal migrants/ migrants/ asylum seekers- people who leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, natural disaster or just to live a better life. Emigrant/ immigration- an immigrant is someone moving into a country and an emigrant is someone moving out or away from a country. Dying or dead languages/ Mother Tongues- The Language that a person has grown up speaking from early childhood. Sub- cultures/ cultural landscapes- a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture. Slavery- Slavery- is a system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work. Terrorism- the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims. Women rights- Women’s rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women an d girls of many societies worldwide Taliban- a fundamentalist Islamic militia; in 1995 the Taliban militia took over Afghanistan and in 1996 took Kabul and set up an Islamic government; â€Å"the Taliban enforced a strict Muslim code of behavior† People/ religion- the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods. Wars- a state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a country. Reference: Definition of key concepts War – definition of war by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.. 2014. war – definition of war by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/war. [Accessed 18 March 2014].   Thinking about why we read literature Peer ‘Interview’ -Why bother reading books? Books are not only entertaining to read once you get the right one, but extend your skills in so many areas including grammar and punctuation and spelling. They boost your imagination and your creativity, and also, in my opinion, give you a different outlook on the world depending on the moral and/or plot of the story. -How would the experience of life be different without books? The amazing thing about books is the community that revolves around them, and now with social media, sharing great books has never been easier. Books give knowledge, skills and creativity, so a world without books would destroy a large community of book worms and less creativity in people would be evident, not to mention the grammar and punctuation. -What does literature bring to the human experience that other activities cannot bring? Once you get really into a book, there is really nothing like it. The only thing I could compare to the experience of a good book is a movie. When I read a really good book, I have a mental image, almost a mental movie, rolling in my head all the time. I block out distraction and find myself gasping at the ink on the paper. -What kind of books have you been reading over the past year? I have not read as many books as I would have liked to in the last year, mostly due to being busy, but the books I have read have been typically ones aimed at my age group, such as late-teen fiction, mostly action genre. -Do you enjoy reading? Why/why not? I only enjoy reading when I get immersed into a good book, if the book doesn’t really grab me early on, typically in the first half, I do not enjoy reading it. -Does reading literature have much value to most young people now? I think young people such as myself think literature is no value to them, but they really don’t understand how broad the word literature extends. Most things they read on the Internet is literature such as quotes they find relatable or the latest celebrity gossip. -Why do teachers push students into reading fiction rather than just non-fiction? Fiction is a fresh change from the reality of non-fiction. Fiction has much more versatility in the way it can let the imagination run free and create a story in which grabs the reader -Why do so many cultures place great value on â€Å"literature†? Literature is shared and passed around and down through the decades, this is the same across any culture around the world, whether it is through the Internet as previously stated, or through Aboriginal dreamtime stories. -Will books survive this decade? Why/why not? I think books will never go out of fashion; they will always be available whether through the physical paper format or the electronic format. They are too much of a unique experience when you get into one to not survive the current decade. EXPLORING TEXTS Book Ellis, D, 2002. Parvana. 2nd ed. Kabul, Afghanistan: Allen & Unwin. Journal Abirafeh, L, 2003. The Impact of Religion on Women in the Development Process. CriticalHalf Journal of Women for Women International , Volume 1, part 1, 37-38. Newspaper Bengali, S, 2014. Taliban threaten to attack Afghan presidential elections. The Guardian, 10 March. Website No choice for Afghan girls brought up as boys. 2014. No choice for Afghan girls brought up as boys. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.asafeworldforwomen.org/children/c-central-and-south-asia/children-in-afghanistan/2191-no-choice-for-afghan-girls-brought-up-as-boys.html. [Accessed 13 March 2014]. Other (Web article) Zavis, A, 2009. Taliban. Afghan corruption greases Taliban’s rise, [Online]. 1, 1. Available at: http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-11-21/news/0911210199_1_president-hamid-karzai-opium-trade-taliban [Accessed November 21, 2009]. â€Å"Once upon a time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Author of the book Parvana draws the reader into the book by putting them straight into the events of Parvan’s life. It makes the reader more and more  curious about her life and it makes the reader to read more. The story starts off at the market place where Parvana is whispering to herself â€Å"I can read that letter as well as Father can† (Pg9), she wouldn’t dare to say it out loud because the man next to them would not want to hear her voice nor doesn’t anyone else in the market! The Author then goes on to explain the harsh rules of the Taliban and how girls are not meant to be outside. The whole book is in a chronological order, it explains their history as we read. Where and when? The novel Parvana is set in Kabul Afghanistan. Afghanistan is located in the Middle East. Afghanistan has been at war since 1978, when American backed fighters opposed the soviet0backed government.  Before the U.S. invasion, before the Russian war, before the Marxist revolution, Afghanistan used to be a beautiful place.  One of a few American schools in Afghanistan shows just how stable the country once was.  The beautiful city of Kabul had become a city of ruins and bombed out buildings. Many buildings had become bricks and dust. The restaurants and stores were gone. The streets had many holes in them and caused people to fall. References How the city of Kabul changed . 2014. . [ONLINE] Available at: https://mkislibrary.pbworks.com/f/Breadwinner+questions.pdf. [Accessed 18 March 2014]. Characterisation (who?) Parvana Beginning Middle End Bewildering Brave Relief Dissatisfied Courage’s Excited Intelligent Strong Safe Proud Determined Accomplished Truthful Adventures Joy Parvana is a very joyful and a strong girl. She is a 13-year-old girl and nothing can bring her down! She is also a determined, hard worker. If she has something to say she will say it, she demonstrates this as she stands up to the Taliban by saying, â€Å"stop! Stop it!† (Pg44) and she said this to protect her mother. Through out the book Parvana grows stronger as a person, she went from a girl who barley had the guts to talk, to a person who was the source to the family and took care of everyone. Before the wars Parvana and her family were living in a good and a peaceful life. When the Taliban took over, the whole country suffered. The family’s  house used to be nice, and the parents had come from respected Afghan families. The house was large with servants, and many rooms. A bomb had destroyed the first house, and the family had moved many times until finally they all lived in one small room. Parvana and her friend came up with an idea of a portable â€Å"shop† by using trays to move their items around. But Money to buy trays, they did something revolting. Parvana took the decision to dig up bones from a graveyard to earn money. There are many other events like this that took part in her life. She loves making her own decisions, as you can tell she loves adventures. She has achieved many things, one being working to take care of her family. Parvana is always willing to help out and she is a kind-hearted person. Plot construction (what happens? When? Why? How?) The Events are not really too different from really life, most of the events that take place in the book still happens in Afghanistan. Parvana is a brave girl who stands up to the Taliban, Parvana and her mum were beaten up by the Taliban just for standing up for their rights. An event similar to the story took place last year, a girl was shot by a Taliban for speaking out and attending school. Plot structure: Is the sequence of events that make up a story, the plot usually begins with an exposition,  Subplot: Is the secondary strand of the plot that is there to support the main plot. A subplot usually involves supporting characters, takes up less of the action and has less significant events occur. Crisis – Critical event or point of decision which, if not handled in an appropriate and timely manner, a turning point and may turn into a disaster or catastrophe.  Resolution – It is the point in the stories plot line where the original conflict is solved. The problem in the story is resolved. Complication- complication means to have a problem that makes you have a decision between 2 things. Flashback – recalling of a previous event or happening to clarify a current situation in a literary work. It is used to create suspense in the story.  Climax- the most intense, exciting, or important point of in a novel/story.  Coda- Is the very last paragraph of a story or a letter which puts the story to an end. Basically the concluding section of a story.  Timeline of events that occurred in the book Parvana Perspective The topic I’m going to discuss is when I broke my curfew and came home late. My perspective towards it was that I just couldn’t make it any earlier and I missed the bus that’s why I was late. But my mum’s attitude towards it was that I broke her trust and disobeyed her by not getting home in time. Her belief was that I don’t value her trust as much as she does. First person narration- A point of view in which a story is narrated by one character at a time, taking about themselves. First-person narrators usually use of the pronoun â€Å"I,† as they are talking bout themselves. Third Person narration – Third person is told from an outside narrator’s point of view and it uses pronouns such as â€Å"he† or â€Å"she.† Omniscient narration- All†knowing’ kind of narrator, mostly found in works of fiction written as third person narrative. The omniscient narrator has a  full knowledge of the story’s and the unspoken thoughts of the various characters. The one event from my book that I choose was when Parvana and Shauzia, see thousands of people huddle into the stadium and watch the punishment of thieves where they got their hands chopped off. Watching this event through Parvan’s eyes was terrific, scary and unbearable, as they are kids and it’s a very harsh punishment. Watching this through the other men in the crowd was no too bad because they are used to it, they are used to the Taliban scaring them with events like this as they probably have seen worse before. References Definitions Literature Glossary. 2014. Literature Glossary.   Available at: http://www.shmoop.com/literature-glossary/first-person-narration.html. [Accessed 19 March 2014]. Theme is what the main idea is in the story. It’s the subject of the novel. Plot is what a story is all about. It’s the general idea on what the readers or viewers must expect to happen in the story. Parvana is full of concepts like courage, kindness, perseverance, friendship, adventure, and many others. In this novel there are a number of themes, but there are three more significant themes than the others. Courage is one of the most important theme in this novel, the determination and boldness that Parvana is able to deal with challenges she faces. A young eleven-year-old girl becomes the courage’s young adult that her family must rely on. The first sings of courage is shown when Parvana decides to disguise herself as a boy and says. â€Å"In the end, it was really her decision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœI’ll do it.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This shows us that Parvana realizes that her family needs her and they’re in desperate need. Parvan’s behavior is courageous, as she knows that if the  Taliban catches her, she shall be punished, but knows that it is necessary because she is supporting her family. The second most significant theme would have to be kindness. Parvana is a kind willing person she treats others kindly, this includes family, friends and strangers. An example of one of her act of kindness is that when her sister Nooria was going to another city she decided to buy her a pen as a gift even though she did not have much money. Parvana had to work very hard in the market to earn the money she made. This demonstrates her kindness. Parvana puts others before herself, another example of Parvan’s kindness is her generosity towards strangers. Parvana found a girl named Homa she looked depressed and homeless. Parvana took a Homa to her house and gave her food, provided shelter, and comforted her as much as she could. Not many people would’ve treated a stranger as kind as Parvana treated Homa. The last most important theme in this book is war, as Parvana and her family is living in an area where war is going on and the every choice they make are based on the fact that war is going on. War has destroyed their life and their house, the main aim in this book is to get away from war and live a peaceful life. Packaging for Publication The cover design of Parvana highlights the main theme and the setting of the book as you can see its set in a Middle Eastern country as the two ladies besides Parvana are wearing a burqa and she looks like she is hiding from something. When deciding what goes on the front of your book you take into condensation the main theme and the plot of the book and the message your trying to get across to the reader, it also needs to be catchy enough. It should get someone who is walking past take their time to stop and read that blurb at the back of the book. The back should also have pictures to keep it looking exciting and not bland Referencing Article about an afghan girl shot down by a taliban Pakistan BANS memoir by Malala, the girl shot by the Taliban for going to school | Mail Online. 2014. Pakistan BANS memoir by Malala, the girl shot by the Taliban for going to school | Mail Online. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2497630/Pakistan-BANS-memoir-Malala-girl-shot-Taliban-going-school.html. [Accessed 18 March 2014]. Themes raised in Parvana What Are the Three Most Important Themes Raised by the Novel Parvana by Deborah Ellis? – College Essays – Kevinnathanael. 2014. What Are the Three Most Important Themes Raised by the Novel Parvana by Deborah Ellis? – College Essays – Kevinnathanael. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.studymode.com/essays/What-Are-The-Three-Most-Important-430531.html. [Accessed 18 March 2014]. Book review Home – The Breadwinner by: Deborah Ellis. 2014. Home – The Breadwinner by: Deborah Ellis. [ONLINE] Available at: http://ss-thebreadwinner.webs.com. [Accessed 18 March 2014].

Formulas for Celsius and Fahrenheit Conversions

Formulas for Celsius and Fahrenheit Conversions Fahrenheit and Celsius are two temperature measurements. Fahrenheit is most common in the United States, while Celsius is the norm in most other Western nations, though it is also used in the U.S. You can use tables that show common conversions  between Fahrenheit and Celsius and vice versa as well as online  converters, but knowing how to convert one scale to the other is important for obtaining accurate temperature readings. Formulas are the most common tools for conversions, but other methods allow you to do quick approximate conversions in your head. Understanding how the scales were invented and what they measure can make converting between the two a bit easier. History and Background Germany physicist  Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit  invented the Fahrenheit scale in 1724. He needed a way to measure temperature because he had invented the mercury thermometer 10 years earlier in 1714.  The Fahrenheit scale divides the freezing and boiling points of water into 180 degrees, where 32 F is the freezing point of water and 212 F is its boiling point. The Celsius temperature scale, which is also referred to as the centigrade scale, was invented several years later in 1741 by  Swedish astronomer  Anders Celsius.  Centigrade literally means consisting of or divided into 100 degrees:  The scale has 100 degrees between the freezing point (0 C) and boiling point (100 C) of water at sea level. Using Formulas To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you can use two basic formulas. If you know the temperature in Fahrenheit and want to convert it to Celsius, first subtract 32 from the temperature in Fahrenheit and multiply the result by five/ninth. The formula is: C 5/9 x (F-32) where C is Celsius To clarify the idea, use an example. Suppose you have a temperature of 68 F. Follow these steps: 68 minus 32 is 365 divided by 9 is 0.5555555555555  Multiply the repeating decimal by 36Your solution is 20 Using the equation would show: C 5/9 x (F-32) C 5/9 x (68-32) C 5/9 x 36 C 0.55 x 36 C   19.8, which rounds to 20 So, 68 F is equal to 20 C. Convert 20 degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit to check your work, as follows: 9 divided by 5 is 1.81.8 multiplied by 20 is 3636 plus 32 68 Using the Celsius to Fahrenheit formula would show: F [(9/5)C] 32 F   [(9/5) x 20] 32 F [1.8 x 20] 32 F 36 32 F   68 Quick Approximation Method To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you can also do a quick approximation of the temperature in Fahrenheit by doubling the temperature in Celsius, subtracting 10 percent of your result and adding 32. For example, suppose that you read that  temperature in a European city you plan to visit today is 18 C. Being used to  Fahrenheit, you need to convert to know what to wear for your trip. Double the 18, or  2 x 18 36. Take 10 percent of 36 to yield 3.6, which rounds to 4. You would then calculate: 36 - 4 32 and then add 32 and 32 to get 64 F. Bring a sweater on your trip but not a big coat. As another example, suppose the temperature of your European destination is 29 C. Calculate the approximate temperature in Fahrenheit as follows: 29 doubled 58 (or 2 x 29 58)  10 percent of 58 5.8, which rounds to 658 - 6 5252 32 84 The temperature in your destination city will be 84 F- a nice warm day: Leave your coat at home. A Quick Trick: Memorize Your 10 Blocks If accuracy is not critical, memorize the conversions from Celsius to Fahrenheit in increments of 10 C. The following table lists the range for the most common temperatures you might experience in many U.S. and European cities. Note that this trick only works for C to F conversions. 0 C - 32 F 10 C - 52 F 20 C - 68 F 30 C - 86 F 40 C - 104 F

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buy custom Nepotism essay Employing Mary Smith in the organization is a practice of nepotism since she does not have the required qualifications for the job but she is simply a family member of one of the organizations founders. The practice of nepotism in this organization will definitely inflict a bad morale to the other workers. Mary is seen to misuse her office by arriving late for work, favoring some workers to others and, above all, tempering with the organization documents. For organizations to achieve their goals effectively, they should employ competent workers who are qualified for their positions and able to maintain good ethics and cooperation with other workers. Summary of the Major Problems That Mary Smith Has Caused In Her Short Tenure with the Company Basically, Marys contributions to the organization have been minimal and have been overshadowed by the problems she has caused to the firm since her employment. To begin with, Mary Smith has been irresponsible with her obligations in the organization by arriving late for work and sometimes failing to turn up completely. As a result, she has been unable to coordinate activities in the organization adequately as required and, therefore, meet the core objectives of an administrative assistant. Moreover, she has made working in the organization more unethical by being unable to promote work cohesion. Her inability to develop and maintain specialized reports and records that are used to reflect departmental work processes has made it impossible for the organization to make effective decisions of expanding their operations. Additionally, other employees have been disappointed by her wrong behavior in the organization and this has resulted to their inconsistent performance in the overall ro utines of the firm owing to their lack of appreciation (Darwin, 2009). Mary Smith has also been disrespectable to her seniors in the organization. For instance, she is unable to perform any duties delegated to her by the supervisors because she is certain her position in the firm is secure in that she cannot be fired. Therefore, the activities of the organization and its performance with regard to its objectives have been affected negatively and some key employees have quit their jobs due the frustration she has caused them. Generally, the company has been crippled by her negative impact on its functions, such as the inability to provide good performance evaluation of other departments, making planning of activities difficult. A Job Description That Details the Necessary Tasks That Ms. Smith Should Perform In Her Role as Administrative Assistant As her current supervisor, I would expect Ms. Smith to perform a number of tasks in accordance to her position in the company. First of all, she should create and maintain confidential files of all departmental operations and performance (Washington, 1999). By keeping records systematically, it will be possible for the firms top management to establish a good report of the firms position and overall performance and hence devise the relative measures that should be taken to advance it. To be able to maintain reliable files, Mary will be supposed to relate well with al other employees in all departments to make it possible for her to easily identify their performance. Secondly, she should coordinate work flow in the company and follow up delegated tasks to ensure that deadlines are met. Whenever the managers are not available, Mary should always be in a position to undertake all the activities of ensuring other employees carry out their duties adequately. She should maintain good ethics within the firm by enhancing superior work cohesion whereby every employee feels appreciated. When projects are assigned to the workers, she is supposed to develop adequate procedures on how the operations are to be undertaken. This will ease the manner by which projects are monitored and evaluated and therefore promote the performance of the workforce. She should also ensure that specific activities are carried out by specialized employees (Washington, 1999). Thirdly, Mary Smith is obliged to prepare and control administrative budgets for the firms management. She should evaluate how activities are being undertaken within the organization and establish whether there are additional costs in production that need to be provided. Therefore, she should produce budgets giving an overview of how various activities are to be financed. This will help the companys management to be aware of what amount of money to keep as contingency budget to make sure that the company does not experience deficit budgeting whenever other activities such as training new workers have to be funded. Additionally, she will be supposed to prepare and present expense reports in case some staff members of the firm go out for trips to other companies to learn skills and techniques so that they may improve their firm. Finally, she has to represent the organization in conferences or meetings that may be organized by the government to enrich companies with new production requirements that improve public welfare. In this case, she should prepare reliable reports that help the firm to have a better insight on how its operations should be carried out so as to comply with the law. Furthermore, she should coordinate the manner in which the company carries out interviews to recruit new employees and on how training of new workers is done. She has to monitor the human resource personnel to ensure that they embrace accountability in all their operations (Washington, 1999). The Steps I Would Take To Resolve This Situation If I Were Her Supervisor and How I Would or Would Not Include the Founder in My Communication To solve the situation of Marys failure to work responsibly, I will take a number of actions to ensure she can cooperate and carry out her duties satisfactorily. The first step will be to approach and advise her about the nature of her role. In this case, I will guide her to realize whatever is expected by the company from her and the need to undertake her duties responsibly. The next step will be to ensure that the company provides a good working condition for her. Having informed about the expectations the firm has of her position, I will ensure that other employees recognize her as their genuine administrative assistant and give her the required respect and therefore provide a good working condition for her to execute her duties. After providing a good environment for her in the company, the next step will be to offer her support and guidance so that I may influence her to deliver her best. This will be done by ensuring that she sets out her own targets and thereby instruct her on how make sure she achieves those goals. The following step will be to motivate her by offering some incentives to her and other workers whenever company objectives are realized effectively. Finally, I will exercise maximum monitoring of her performance, ensure that she gets to work early as required by the firm and by check the progress of her operations. I will have to ensure that she relates well with employees and executes her duties effectively and that she is a role model to the rest of the workforce. If she follows my guidelines adequately, there will be no need to involve the founders of the company in correcting her work ethics. Otherwise, if she proves defiant and is unwilling to cooperate, then I will inform the executives and explain to them how her bad habits have cost the company so that they may decide on what to do with her. Description of the Negative and Positive Effects On a Workforce for Hiring an Unqualified Individual Who Is Related To a Founder of the Company There are several effects to a workforce which may be either positive or negative for hiring unqualified individuals who are related to a firms founders. In this case, the negative effects surpass the positive ones. However, some of the positive effects may be that the company becomes more of a family business; hence, the workforce is able to share information freely. Moreover, these acts of nepotism help to create work opportunities for family members and equip them with some skills and ensure much of the benefits of the firm go to their families. The relatives may also have some inherited capabilities that are helpful in developing the company even if they are not highly qualified (Cooke, 2012). On the other hand, nepotism has several negative effects to the workforce. To begin with, it leads to discrimination of other workers in the organization. For instance, these workers tend to lean towards some employees than others, hence leading to unethical practices in the firm. Additionally, nepotism may lead to the loss of very important workers in the company. This is because people who are relatives seem to be tolerated by the management even when they are not performing. This leads to a lack of cohesion within the company, and hence the hard working workers who feel unappreciated leave the firm. When relatives are working in the same organization, it may also lead to the publicizing of family disputes to other members within the workforce. In conclusion, nepotism has more negative effects to the workforce than the positive effects. Therefore, it should not be encouraged if a firm is really interested in fulfilling its objectives. In most cases, when people are hired in organizations led by their relatives, they undermine other workers, and hence operations cannot be carried out appropriately. If it is a must for these people be retained in any organization, they should then be made to follow all the guidelines and obey the other authorities. Buy custom Nepotism essay

How to Conjugate the Regular French Verb Acheter (To Buy)

How to Conjugate the Regular French Verb 'Acheter' ('To Buy') Achete (to buy) is a very common French stem-changing verb. It is a verb that has two different stems but is conjugated with the same endings as  regular -er verbs. Stem-changing verbs are sometimes also called boot verbs or shoe verbs  because if you circle the forms that have stem changes in the conjugation table below, the resulting shape looks like a boot or shoe. The Actual Stem Change For the  present tense  of verbs that end in  -e_er (  _ indicates one or more consonants), the stem change consists of changing the  e  before that consonant to  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚  in all forms but  nous  and  vous. See this happen in the table below. Stem changes are not limited to the present tense; they  occur across several French tenses and moods, as shown in the table below. Note that the table below  has only the simple conjugations of the verb  acheter; it does not include the compound tenses, which consist of  a form of the auxiliary verb  and  the past participle. Common -e_er Stem-Changing Verbs   Ã‚  Ã‚  acheter  Ã‚  to buy  Ã‚  Ã‚  amener  Ã‚  to take  Ã‚  Ã‚  emmener  Ã‚  to take  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  enlever  Ã‚  to remove  Ã‚  Ã‚  geler  Ã‚  to freeze  Ã‚  Ã‚  harceler  Ã‚  o harass  Ã‚  Ã‚  lever  Ã‚  to lift, raise  Ã‚  Ã‚  mener  Ã‚  to lead  Ã‚  Ã‚  peler  Ã‚  to peel  Ã‚  Ã‚  peser  Ã‚  to weigh  Ã‚  Ã‚  promener  Ã‚  to walk Other than acheter, geler, harceler and peler, most verbs that end in -eler and -eter are part of a different stem-change group that includes -eler verbs and -eter verbs. Verbs that end in -à ©_er have a similar stem change. For the present tense of verbs that end in -à ©_er, the stem change consists of changing à © to à ¨ in all forms but nous and vous, as in the following example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  je  considà ¨re  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  nous  considà ©rons  Ã‚  Ã‚  tu  considà ¨res  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  vous  considà ©rez  Ã‚  Ã‚  il  considà ¨re  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ils  considà ¨rent Common -à ©_er Stem-Changing Verbs      cà ©der  Ã‚  to give up, dispose of  Ã‚  Ã‚  cà ©là ©brer   to celebrate  Ã‚  Ã‚  complà ©ter   to complete  Ã‚  Ã‚  considà ©rer   to consider  Ã‚  Ã‚  diffà ©rer   to differ  Ã‚  Ã‚  espà ©rer   to hope  Ã‚  Ã‚  exagà ©rer* to exaggerate  Ã‚  Ã‚  gà ©rer   to manage  Ã‚  Ã‚  inquià ©ter   to worry  Ã‚  Ã‚  modà ©rer   to moderate  Ã‚  Ã‚  pà ©nà ©trer   to enter  Ã‚  Ã‚  possà ©der   to possess  Ã‚  Ã‚  prà ©fà ©rer   to prefer  Ã‚  Ã‚  protà ©ger* to protect  Ã‚  Ã‚  reflà ©ter   to reflect  Ã‚  Ã‚  rà ©pà ©ter   to repeat  Ã‚  Ã‚  rà ©và ©ler   to reveal  Ã‚  Ã‚  suggà ©rer   to suggest  Ã‚  Ã‚  zà ©brer   to stripe*These are also  spelling change verbs. Verbs that end in  -e_er  have a similar stem change.  For  -e_er verbs  and  -à ©_er verbs, the penultimate e takes on or changes to à ¨. Simple Conjugations of the French Stem-Changing Verb Acheter Present Future Imperfect Present participle j achte achterai achetais achetant tu achtes achteras achetais il achte achtera achetait nous achetons achterons achetions vous achetez achterez achetiez ils achtent achteront achetaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle achet Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive j achte achterais achetai achetasse tu achtes achterais achetas achetasses il achte achterait acheta achett nous achetions achterions achetmes achetassions vous achetiez achteriez achettes achetassiez ils achtent achteraient achetrent achetassent Imperative tu achte nous achetons vous achetez

Women swimming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women swimming - Essay Example Several sport centres are coming up these days to help people introduce sports in their daily routine. The purpose of these centres is to expose and orient people to different kinds of sports and activities. One such sport community was visited by me. This is called Muslim Welfare House. The Muslim Welfare  House (MWH) is a community and sports centre in North London. It was founded in 1970 and is a registered charity since 1975. It was originally established to assist Muslim students coming to UK get education. However, over the years, the focus of the charity changed and the multi-purpose building began to serve a dual purpose of a mosque as well as a community centre. The centre provides all sorts of social, cultural, learning activities for more than 15 nationalities, ranging from Algerians and Somalis, to Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. The organization is managed by an Executive Director along with six full time and three part time staff members. A good number of volunteers also participate actively. The programmes and activities in the centre involve high quality, affordable sports and leisure activities for all members of the local community from the ages of 5-90 years and above. The sports include Karate, Football, Table tennis. The centre also has a gym for fitness. The current study was undertaken to study a specific sport in the centre and to assess the operation of the sport centre. The study further looked into various programmes and activities run by the centre. Prior to data collection, first step was familiarization with the centre by making a visit to the centre. Observation technique and interview method was used. This was further facilitated by discussions with the staff in the centre. A checklist for the observation was prepared to be used as a reference to observe the various activities in the centre. Observation of all the